Resources - WhitePapers, eBooks, Application Notes & Videos

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WHITE PAPERS

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APPLICATION NOTES

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white papers

Field Testing in 5G NR WP

5G NR deployments are planned predominantly on the 3.5 GHz range and the 28-29 GHz range. Both frequency ranges are new to the cellular network industry.

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4 Tips for 5G New Radio Signal Creation

The promise of 5G technology is faster and more reliable communications. To enable mobile broadband communications, 5G uses existing and new technologies to achieve extreme data throughputs.

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Keysight Survey the State of 5G 3.11

Keysight commissioned Dimensional Research to conduct a survey measuring preparation and attitudes toward 5G deployment across the globe.

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Improving TR Module

Phased arrays have been used in radar applications for many decades. Recent trends are driving their adoption into other applications such as electronic warfare (EW), satellite systems and even 5G communications.

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Multifunctional Radar Test Solutions for Advanced Radar Design

Breakthrough technological advancements such as direct digital synthesis, phased arrays and GaN components have spawned a new breed of radar – multifunctional active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

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Radar Basics

Radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) is actually a fairly simple process of bouncing radio waves off objects and looking at the reflections to determining presence, size, distance, position and speed.

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IoT A Practical Guide for Field Testing

Cellular operators worldwide need to be ready for the coming massive IoT market demand. They require a technology that offers global compatibility as well as broad industry support. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is quickly becoming one of service providers’ most popular choices.

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Does BW Mean More Capacity?

Low Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs) more bandwidth may not mean more capacity.

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Increasing Importance of Increasing Ports

Modern devices are highly integrated. As a result, wireless and high-speed digital engineers often test devices with more than four ports.

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Tactics for Improving Distortion Measurements

In today’s wireless communications and digital radio systems, frequency channel spacing is close to achieving spectral efficiency

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The Essential Signal Generator Guide - Part 1

Eliminate uncertainties and doubts from your test results with a reliable signal source.

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The Essential Signal Generator Guide - Part 2

Having a robust and reliable high-speed wireless connection helps win and retain customers.

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Understanding and Testing Multi-Channel RF Systems with Signal Generators

Most wireless systems, whether in commercial applications, or aerospace and defense, employ multiantenna techniques. These techniques include antenna diversity, MIMO (multi-input, multi-output) spatial multiplexing, beamforming, or phased-array radar.

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1914.3-eCPRI-Transport

5G operators must completely change the design of their MFH and MBH networks to allow scaling supporting the massive increases in data traffic and tight latency requirements.

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Antenna Array Testing Conducted and OTA 5G

5G networks will need to offer more capacity and flexibility while lowering the operational expenses of the system.

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Cable & Antenna Analysis

The cable and antenna system plays a crucial role of the overall performance of a Base Station system.

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Challenges of FirstNet In-building Coverage

Two years ago, AT&T won the more than $6 billion, 25-year contract to build out a national network for the First Responders Network Authority. This kicked off a public-private partnership that is unique in its scope and in its particulars: a nationwide, LTE network with its own private network core.

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Demystifying OTA Testing wp_5216-3789-52_v0100

Heinrich Hertz built the first antenna in 1887, and 10 years later, Marconi began experimenting with wireless communications. By the beginning of the 20th century, Marconi successfully transmitted the first transatlantic radio message.

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Evaluation of RF Network Testing

Transmission line and antenna testing has become a common test of RF network integrity. This testing methodology is the result of test equipment evolutions and the need to fully understand the integrity of RF networks after installation.

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Field Testing in 5G NR WP

5G NR deployments are planned predominantly on the 3.5 GHz range and the 28-29 GHz range. Both frequency ranges are new to the cellular network industry.

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Improving Wireless Network Flexibility Using CPRI Technology

The architecture of today’s cell sites has evolved considerably since the early days of wireless networks.

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The Impact of Return Loss

When designing and building cellular infrastructure, one objective is to maximize the RF signal level seen throughout the coverage area.

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EXFO White Paper 028-OSNR Measurements of 40G-100G Coherent Systems

In order to meet the constantly increasing need for bandwidth, more and more telecommunications operators are now deploying 40G or 100G coherent systems on long-haul dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) networks.

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New Perspectives Test 400g and New Test Revolution White Paper

Until and through the introduction of 100G, the task of validating and testing client optics was a relatively simple task.

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Testing 100g Networks and Services White Paper

Fueled by bandwidth capacity growth, 100 G connectivity forms the basis of most network backbones today.

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Improve Engineering Workflow

Engineering leaders know that each step in the path to new product development is crucial. This report focuses on the challenges identified by managers and executives across the entire product development workflow.

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PCIe 5.0

The Next Generation of Peripheral Component Interconnect. PCI Express 5.0 represents the latest in PCI standards using non-return to zero (NRZ) signaling; doubling the PCIe 4.0 speed from 16 GT/s to 32 GT/s.

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ebooks

Ixia Special Edition 5G for Dummies

Ixia, recently acquired by Keysight Technologies, proving testing, visibility, and security solutions, strengthening applications across networks and cloud environments for enterprises, service providers, and network equipment manufacturers.

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Vector Network Analyzer Fundamentals Primer

This primer examines the theory of state-of-the-art spectrum analysis and describes how modern spectrum analyzers are designed and how they work.

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Spectrum Analyzer Fundamentals Primer

This primer examines the theory of state-of-the-art spectrum analysis and describes how modern spectrum analyzers are designed and how they work.

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Understanding Basics Signal Generation

The first part of this educational note presents the applications for and the most important types of signal generators. This is followed by a description of the construction and functioning of analog and vector signal generators.

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Viavi Fiber Optic Guide Book - Volume 1

The principle of an optical communications system is to transmit a signal through an optical fiber to a distant receiver. The electrical signal is converted into the optical domain at the transmitter and is converted back into the original electrical signal at the receiver.

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Viavi Fiber Optic Guide Book - Volume 2

A steadily increasing demand for transmission capacity forces service providers to upgrade their networks periodically to higher data rates or a higher number of wavelengths in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems.

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application notes

5G Manufacturer Reduces Test Time by 20X

A leading manufacturer of multi-antenna high-frequency 5G transceivers needed a technology partner with a comprehensive test platform that included hardware, software, and services.

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5G NR Network Measurements Using Scanners and Analytics

This document describes the highlights of 5G NR network analysis from pre-commercial trials and early deployments and introduces 5G NR scanning use cases and the functionality of the R&S®TSMx6 mobile network scanner family together with R&S®ROMES4 and R&S®SmartAnalytics software.

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5G NR – Interference Hunting in the Uplink of TDD Networks

Small factor for a huge gain in performance: the R&S®SpectrumRider FPH in combination with a directional antenna makes it possible to identify and locate interferers, even in TDD networks.

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Keysight Technologies 5G Solutions 2019

Being first and best in 5G depends on tools that let you explore new signals, scenarios and topologies. Keysight’s 5G solutions are ready to enable deeper insights as you, and we, evolve with the standard.

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Rohde & Schwarz Optimizing Beamforming

Improve components for advanced antenna systems (AAS): Digital circuitry, RF beamforming frontend and phased array antennas.

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Rohde & Schwarz 5G Solutions

The next generation of mobile networks, 5G, introduces a paradigm change towards a user and application centric technology framework, with the goal of flexibly supporting three important use case families

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Aerospace & Defense Radar Signal Gen with High Performance AWG

Generating radar signals is one of the most challenging tasks for a signal generator. The signals’ combination of carrier frequency, modulation bandwidth, and, in most cases, their pulsed nature creates a series of requirements difficult to match with existing instrumentation.

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Battery Life IoT

This application note describes Battery Life Measurements with the R&S®RT-ZVC02/04(A) MultiChannel Probe. The measurements are described mostly with the use of an oscilloscope; however, measurements are also possible with CMWRun and a corresponding communication tester.

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10 Hints for Making Successful Noise Figure Measurements

Noise figure is often the key to characterizing a receiver and its ability to detect weak incoming signals in the presence of self-generated noise. The process of reducing noise figure begins with a solid understanding of the uncertainties in your components, subsystems and test setups.

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Enhanced Time Domain Analysis with TDR

As bit rates of digital systems increase, signal integrity of interconnects drastically affects system performance. Fast and accurate analysis of interconnect performance in both time and frequency domains becomes critical to ensure reliable system performance.

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Measuring Frequency Response with Keysight E5061B LF-RF Network Analyzer

Evaluating frequency responses of components and circuits is essential for ensuring the performance of electronic equipment. Especially in the case of the high-reliability electronic equipment used in automotive, medical, and aerospace and defense industries, it is necessary to evaluate a wide variety of components and circuits in the low- to high-frequency ranges.

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Microsemi Dual Channel Noise Measurement Application Note

Microsemi designs and manufactures microwave amplifiers with low residual phase and amplitude noise.

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Minimize Measurement Uncertainty in RF Vector Signal Generators

Test equipment characterizes design performance and verifies devices under test function as expected. To be effective, test equipment must outperform the device under test.

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Near-Field vs. Far-Field

Any antenna can be successfully measured on either a near-field or far-field range, with appropriate implementation. There are significant cost, size, and complexity details which will lead to a recommendation of one type over the other.

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Phase Noise App Note Part 1

Whether you are new to phase noise or have been measuring phase noise for years, it is important to get a good understanding of the basics and to learn of new measurement techniques to improve your designs.

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400GE Data Center Transceiver Test Overcoming Three Key Challenges

Emerging technologies such as fifth generation wireless (5G), artificial intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), Internet of Things (IoT), and autonomous vehicles will generate explosive amounts of data in the network, creating new computing, storage and performance demands in the data center.

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Keysight Technologies MIPI Receiver Test M8020

The M8085A is a software plug-in for M8070A Bit Error Ratio Test system software within the M8000 series of BER test solutions.

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Keysight Technologies PAM4

Ever-increasing demands for a connected world with instant data access continues to drive Ethernet transmission innovation. Development of 100G Ethernet data transmission is currently in production and will continue to evolve.

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Keysight Technologies UXR

The Infiniium UXR is the first series of real-time oscilloscopes to offer ultra-high-performance acquisition with 10 bits of high-definition resolution.

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Keysight Technologies PCIe G4 TX Procedure

The PCI-SIG disclaims all warranties and liability for the use of this document and the information contained herein and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor does the PCI-SIG make a commitment to update the information contained herein.

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Keysight Technologies M8194A

400 G and 1 Terabit applications demand a new class of generators that provide high speed, precision and flexibility at the same time. The M8194A is the ideal solution to test different optical systems from discrete components like optical power amplifiers to more complex dual polarization systems like optical modulators or optical receivers.

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Amazing OTDR 1

Today fiber networks are the lifeblood of high-speed networking for virtually all applications. For most of us, what happens behind the scenes to turn them up and keep them operating efficiently is unseen.

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Amazing OTDR 2

Many OTDR users tend to underestimate the importance of fiber connection quality during testing. It is all too common that bad habits (or lack of good ones) not only hinder accurate testing, but also generate misleading test results.

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Amazing OTDR 3

We discuss the importance of proper instrument setup, how it impacts your test results quality, and the resulting data.

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Amazing OTDR 4

With the growing momentum of deploying fiber networks with speeds exponentially higher than ever before, the value of OTDRs for network testing has also increased. But even a great tool like the OTDR is only as effective as the skill level of the technicians and engineers who use it.

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Cut Test and Certification Times in Half - Webinar May 2019 Final

Increase fiber technology knowledge and skill set around network vulnerabilities and test procedures to quickly eliminate problems.

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5G NR Network Measurements Using Scanner App Note 1570205472652

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Coverage Mapping with GPS

Spectrum analyzers provide accurate RF power measurements over a wide frequency range. With an antenna attached, RF power measurement becomes Received Signal Strength (RSSI). RSSI measurements can be combined with on-screen map displays to become a very versatile solution for mapping the coverage of RF transmitters.

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Distance-to-PIM & Distance-to-Fault

In today’s competitive environment, consumers no longer have to tolerate inconsistent network performance. If their current provider has poor coverage and slow data throughput, customers can easily switch to a different operator offering faster speeds and better coverage. In order to grow their subscriber base and increase revenue, operators must continuously improve the quality of their network by adding new cell sites and deploying new spectrum.

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In-Building Systems Testing Pocket Guide Part 1

Test and Measurements play a vital role in enhancing IBS site’s quality and optimizing implementation Cost, hence helping businesses deliver reliable communication infrastructure with profitability and short delivery time.

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PIM In-Building DAS

As mobile operators upgrade existing in-building distributed antenna systems (DAS) to include LTE frequency bands, the probability of harmful passive intermodulation (PIM) increases.

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RF Interference Hunting Concepts

As wireless services grow, due to a drive for increased download speeds and capacity, interference, once uncommon, becomes a fact of life for wireless and broadcast services.

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Spectrum Monitoring Techniques

Spectrum monitoring is a powerful tool that can be used to ensure that the RF communications we all depend on for both civilian and defense applications work, and work well.

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Testing 600 and 1900 MHz Receiver Channels When Installing 600 MHz LTE Base Stations

As mobile technology has evolved, cellular networks have drastically increased the density of the RF spectrum.

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Testing Distributed Antenna

Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) are being installed in large numbers to support growing demand for in-building wireless services.

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Understanding IBW

In the early 1980’s when cellular communications was first introduced, in-building wireless (IBW) coverage was not a concern.

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Understanding PIM

This guide is designed to introduce the reader to Passive Intermodulation (PIM). It will discuss what it is and its impact on cellular systems, as well as how the contractor, engineer or field technician can test for its presence.

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Solution for Power Storage and Solution Testing

The world is experiencing an evolutionary transformation in power storage and power conversion. These developmental changes will impact the technology that surrounds us - from electric cars to portable medical devices to loT smart devices.

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Semiconductor ATE Vendor Prepares for 5G

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CONTENT LIBRARY

white papers

ebooks

application notes

videos